Secteur de l’énergie

Kenya has successfully positioned itself as one of the foremost destinations for private energy investment in the region. IPPs were first introduced in Kenya in 2000 as part of an emergency plan to ensure electricity supply during droughts. They have since become a permanent fixture in the country’s energy landscape. In 2018 Kenya had 11 IPPs with a combined capacity of 1,000 MW, accounting for nearly a third of the country's installed capacity.

Some state-owned entities like KenGen and Kenya Power (formerly KPLC) are partly privatised while the government retains majority share of ownership. KenGen, along with the IPPs, have long term PPAs with Kenya Power as the single buyer of electricity in the market. The country has about 30 private companies providing off-grid electrification through minigrids and standalone systems.

Generation:

The Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) generated about 61% of capacity in 2019.
IPPs covered about 39% of capacity in the same year.

Transmission:

The Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO) is responsible for all electricity transmission lines that were built since the company's inception in 2008.

Kenya Power, formerly Kenya Power and Lighting Company, continues to operate the transmission lines that were under its mandate prior to the establishment of KETRACO.

Distribution:

Kenya Power is the main distribution company in Kenya. The Rural Electrification Authority assists with extending distribution lines. The Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) is responsible for electricity generation and bulk selling to distributors. KenGen is 70% government owned.

The Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO) is the state-owned utility responsible for electricity transmission. The company was established in 2008, with the mandate to design, construct, operate and maintain new transmission lines above 132 kV.

Kenya Power, formerly Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC), is a publicly- and privately-owned institution responsible for transmission and distribution of electricity.

The Rural Electrification Fund and Renewable Energy Corporation (REREC), previously REA, is responsible for rural electrification efforts (feasibility studies, development and operation) and renewable energy at large. The Ministry of Energy develops policies and regulations and oversees the Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA). The Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) implements policies and regulations developed by the Ministry of Energy. It conducts due diligence into off-grid companies so as to determine whether they can qualify for Kenya Revenue Authority tax exemptions. It replaced the Energy Regulatory Commission in 2019. The Clean Cooking Association of Kenya (CCAK) contributes to the development of an enabling market for clean cookstoves and is involved with capacity building of its members.

The National Land Commission (NLC) supports acquisition of land (public and trust land) and wayleave processes for generation, transmission and distribution.

The Geothermal Development Company (GDC) develops geothermal steam fields and sells the steam to KenGen for electricity generation. It conducts surface exploration and steam drilling.

The Energy Tribunal is responsible for dispute resolution between players in the sector and is funded by the national government.

The Kenya Investment Authority (KenInvest) is a statutory body with the primary goal of promoting investment in the country.

Utilitaire/distributeur

The Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) is responsible for electricity generation and bulk selling to distributors. KenGen is 70% government owned.

The Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (KETRACO) is the state-owned utility responsible for electricity transmission. The company was established in 2008, with the mandate to design, construct, operate and maintain new transmission lines above 132 kV.

Kenya Power, formerly Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC), is a publicly- and privately-owned institution responsible for transmission and distribution of electricity.

The Rural Electrification Fund and Renewable Energy Corporation (REREC), previously REA, is responsible for rural electrification efforts (feasibility studies, development and operation) and renewable energy at large.

Ministère (ministères)

The Ministry of Energy develops policies and regulations and oversees the Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA).

Régulateur

The Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) implements policies and regulations developed by the Ministry of Energy. It conducts due diligence into off-grid companies so as to determine whether they can qualify for Kenya Revenue Authority tax exemptions. It replaced the Energy Regulatory Commission in 2019.

Autres

The Clean Cooking Association of Kenya (CCAK) contributes to the development of an enabling market for clean cookstoves and is involved with capacity building of its members.

The National Land Commission (NLC) supports acquisition of land (public and trust land) and wayleave processes for generation, transmission and distribution.

The Geothermal Development Company (GDC) develops geothermal steam fields and sells the steam to KenGen for electricity generation. It conducts surface exploration and steam drilling.

The Energy Tribunal is responsible for dispute resolution between players in the sector and is funded by the national government.

The Kenya Investment Authority (KenInvest) is a statutory body with the primary goal of promoting investment in the country.

The Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) develops quality standards, ensures compliance with international and national standards and collects evidence of compliance of companies applying to enter the Kenyan market. Standards are approved by the Standards Approval Committee and enacted pursuant to chapter 496 of the Standards Act. Relevant standards have been gazetted in April 2020 (Gazette notice 3095), August 2019 (Gazette notice 7459), March 2019 (Gazette notice 1992), August 2018 (Gazette notice 8455), November 2017 (Gazette notice 11445) and October 2014 (Gazette notice 7409). A wide range of solar standards are listed in these notices, for example, KS IEC 62109-1:2020 (Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems Part 1: General requirements) and KS 1673-2-1:2003 (General specification for solar photovoltaic systems - System design, installation, monitoring and maintenance). The notices also include a variety of improved cookstove standards, for example KS 1814-2014 (Biomass stoves - Performance Requirements and Testing) and KS 2759-2018 (Ethanol fuelled cooking appliances). The standards are available on the KEBS website.